The four Rosenfeld projective planes are the symmetric spaces FII, EIII, EIV, EVIII in Cartan's list of symmetric spaces. They are, respectively, homogeneous spaces for the exceptional Lie groups F_4, E_6, E_7, E_8, with dimensions 16, 32, 64, 128. Our aim is to get a systematic general understanding of the topological invariants of these Rosenfeld projective planes. One of the key ideas in our approach is to use K-theory and representation theory as the primary source of these topological invariants.